High Temperature Motors

The selection of high and low temperature servo motors requires focusing on the following core parameters: Performance Parameters 1、Torque and Speed Clarify the torque attenuation rate under extreme temperatures (e.g., torque reduction ≤10% at 120℃). The speed adjustment range must meet low-temperature anti-slip requirements (e.g., polar equipment requires low-speed high torque). 2、Dynamic Response The inertia ratio is recommended to be ≤10:1 (load inertia to rotor inertia ratio) to ensure rapid response during low-temperature startup. Acceleration requirements (e.g., semiconductor manipulators require acceleration from 0 to 3000 rpm in <30 ms). 3、Precision Requirements Positioning accuracy must account for thermal expansion effects (e.g., ±0.001 mm requires thermal compensation algorithms). Encoder type selection: Use resolvers for low temperatures (anti-condensation) and optical encoders for high temperatures (temperature resistance ≥120℃). 4、Environment and Cost Temperature Range: Specify stable operation requirements, e.g., from a minimum of -40℃ to a maximum of 120℃. Initial Cost: Imported brands (e.g., Siemens, Yaskawa) are 30%~50% more expensive than domestic brands. Maintenance Cost: Long-life designs can reduce replacement frequency (e.g., SYD series maintenance cycle of 20,000 hours). 5、Installation and Debugging Load Inertia: Must be converted to the full load inertia on the motor shaft to avoid system adjustment difficulties. Simulation Services: Suppliers should provide thermal simulation or dynamic load analysis reports. 6、Special Requirements Brake Configuration: Brakes must be equipped to ensure safe stopping when there is a tendency for rotation. Urgent Requirements: Custom models require a development lead time of 3-6 months. Ctrl-Motor has been engaged in the R&D, production and sales of vacuum motors, high and low temperature motors-related drivers, stepper motors, servo motors, and reducers for 11 years. The high and low temperature motors can be adapted to any extreme conditions from -196℃ to 300℃, and the vacuum degree can reach 10-7pa, we can provide 10^7Gy radiation protection and salt spray protection products. 

High and low temperature motors are a specialized type of motor designed for stable operation in extreme temperature environments. They have special requirements regarding materials, lubrication, sealing, and manufacturing processes. They are widely used in various industrial and technological fields with demanding temperature requirements. Here are the main industries where high and low temperature motors are applied: I. Extreme Environments and Special Applications Aerospace Application Scenarios: Aircraft door actuation systems, engine starters, fuel pumps, environmental control systems (e.g., air conditioning compressors), robotic arms for space exploration equipment, Mars rovers. Temperature Requirements: Must operate reliably in extremely low temperatures at high altitudes (-55°C or lower) as well as in high-temperature environments near engines. Defense and Military Application Scenarios: Drive and turret rotation systems for tanks and armored vehicles, missile rudder control, propulsion and auxiliary systems for naval vessels (especially submarines), field communication equipment. Temperature Requirements: Must adapt to various global climatic conditions, from polar severe cold to desert heat, with extremely high reliability requirements. Scientific Research and Laboratory Equipment Application Scenarios: Environmental simulation test chambers (high/low temperature test chambers), moving parts within vacuum chambers, particle colliders, drive units for astronomical telescopes, polar research equipment. Temperature Requirements: The experimental environment may range from ultra-low temperatures near absolute zero (-273°C) to high temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius. Motors need to operate stably within these ranges without causing contamination (e.g., outgassing, volatilization).   II. Industrial Manufacturing and Process Control Chemical and Oil & Gas Industry Application Scenarios: Reactor agitators in refineries and chemical plants, pipeline valve control, liquefied natural gas (LNG) pumps, offshore drilling platforms. Temperature Requirements: May be exposed to high-temperature steam, low-temperature cooling media, or be in flammable/explosive environments. Motors require explosion-proof and corrosion-resistant capabilities. Food and Beverage Processing Application Scenarios: Conveyor belt drives in freezing/cold storage facilities, agitators, filling equipment, high-temperature sterilization equipment. Temperature Requirements: Must withstand low temperatures in cold storage (e.g., -40°C), and high-temperature steam and corrosive cleaning agents during washing and sterilization processes. Often must also comply with food-grade hygiene standards. Plastics and Rubber Industry Application Scenarios: Injection and mold clamping units of injection molding machines, drives for extruders. Temperature Requirements: Motors are installed near high-temperature molds and need to withstand radiant heat and high ambient temperatures generated during equipment operation.   III. Civilian and Commercial Fields New Energy Vehicles and Rail Transportation Application Scenarios: Main drive motors for electric vehicles, air conditioning compressors, cooling water pumps; traction systems, door control, and air conditioning systems for high-speed rail and subways. Temperature Requirements: Automotive motors must endure summer heat and winter cold, and themselves generate heat during operation, placing high demands on heat dissipation and cold-start performance. Rail transit motors also face outdoor climate challenges. Medical Equipment Application Scenarios: Medical centrifuges (e.g., blood separation), low-temperature refrigeration equipment, surgical robots, cooling systems in MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) equipment. Temperature Requirements: Some equipment needs to operate at ultra-low temperatures, while also requiring motors to run smoothly, with low noise and high precision. Household Appliance Industry Application Scenarios: Fans in high-end refrigerators, motors for rotating oven racks, drum drives for clothes dryers. Temperature Requirements: Internal oven temperatures can reach 200-300°C, requiring motors capable of long-term heat resistance; freezer compartments in refrigerators require resistance to low temperatures.   Key Features of High and Low Temperature Motors To adapt to these industries, high and low temperature motors typically possess the following characteristics: Special Temperature-Resistant Materials: Use of high temperature-resistant insulation materials (e.g., Class H, C), high-temperature resistant permanent magnets (e.g., samarium-cobalt magnets), special sealing and lubrication materials. Wide-Temperature Grease: Use of specialized grease that maintains good lubricating properties even at extreme temperatures. Efficient Cooling/Heating Design: High-temperature motors focus on heat dissipation (e.g., adding cooling fans, water cooling jackets), while low-temperature motors may be equipped with heating belts to ensure cold starts. Special Structural Design: Enhanced sealing to prevent condensation (low temperature) or harmful gases (high temperature) from intruding.   In summary, high and low temperature motors are the "core power" in numerous high-end equipment and special applications. They are essential wherever the operating environment temperature exceeds the range of standard motors (typically around -20°C to 40°C). Their application scope continues to expand with the development of technology and industry.

In modern industrial automation, motors serve as core driving components and are widely used in various equipment and systems. With continuous technological advancements, the performance requirements for motors have become increasingly stringent. For instance, in high-temperature environments, elevated temperatures can significantly affect motor performance, efficiency, and lifespan, as detailed below: 1. Reduced Efficiency Increased Resistance: The resistance of motor windings (copper wires) rises with temperature, leading to higher copper losses (I²R) and reduced efficiency. Changes in Iron Losses: High temperatures may exacerbate eddy current losses and hysteresis losses in the core (especially in permanent magnet motors), further decreasing efficiency. 2. Decreased Output Power Thermal Limitations: Motors are typically designed based on rated temperatures. Under high temperatures, heat dissipation capacity declines, potentially forcing derated operation (reducing output power) to prevent overheating. Demagnetization of Permanent Magnets (PMSMs): High temperatures can weaken the magnetic properties of permanent magnets, reducing magnetic field strength and consequently lowering torque and power output. 3. Accelerated Insulation Aging Insulation Material Lifespan: High temperatures accelerate the aging of motor insulation materials (e.g., enameled wires, slot insulation). Empirical rules indicate that insulation life halves for every 10°C temperature increase (Arrhenius Law). Breakdown Risk: Prolonged exposure to high temperatures may cause insulation cracking, leading to short circuits or ground faults. 4. Bearing and Lubrication Issues Lubrication Failure: High temperatures reduce the viscosity or cause oxidation of lubricating grease, resulting in poor lubrication and increased bearing wear. Mechanical Deformation: Thermal expansion of bearings or shafts may alter fitting clearances, causing vibration or seizing. 5. Impact on Control Systems Sensor Drift: Temperature-sensitive components (e.g., thermocouples, Hall sensors) may produce erroneous readings, affecting control accuracy. Electronic Component Failure: High temperatures reduce the reliability of drive circuits (e.g., IGBTs, capacitors), increasing failure rates. 6. Other Potential Issues Thermal Stress: Differences in thermal expansion coefficients may cause structural deformation (e.g., between the stator and housing). Cooling System Overload: Forced cooling systems (fans, liquid cooling) may operate at full capacity for extended periods in high-temperature environments, shortening their lifespan. Countermeasures Optimized Heat Dissipation: Enhance ventilation, adopt liquid cooling, or implement heat pipe technology. Material Selection: Use high-temperature-resistant insulation materials (e.g., Class H insulation) and high-temperature lubricants. Temperature Monitoring: Install temperature sensors for overheating protection or power derating. Environmental Control: Avoid operating motors in enclosed or high-temperature areas; install additional cooling systems (e.g., air conditioning) if necessary. Conclusion High temperatures comprehensively affect a motor’s electrical performance, mechanical reliability, and control system stability. Proper thermal design and temperature management are crucial to ensuring stable motor operation in high-temperature environments. If your application requires prolonged operation under high temperatures, it is advisable to use motors specifically designed for such conditions to ensure sustained and reliable performance. Zhonggu Weike Power Technology Co., Ltd. is a National Specialized, Sophisticated, and Innovative Enterprise specializing in the R&D, manufacturing, and application of special motors for harsh environments, including vacuum, high-temperature, cryogenic, and radiation conditions. Our products are widely used in aerospace, satellite communications, space observation, biomedical engineering, and genetic sample storage. With a professional team in technology, manufacturing, and service, as well as Asia’s most comprehensive environmental and dynamic transmission testing facilities, we are committed to providing expert, high-quality solutions for every customer.

High temperature environment can affect the efficiency and accuracy of stepper motors, which may lead to step loss. 1、 Working principle of stepper motor A stepper motor is a type of motor that converts electrical pulse signals into rotational angle outputs. Each time a pulse signal is received, the stepper motor rotates a fixed angle, usually 1.8 or 0.9 degrees. Therefore, stepper motors can accurately control the rotation angle and speed, and are often used in mechanical equipment that requires precise control. 2、 The impact of high temperature environment on stepper motors High temperature environments can have a negative impact on the operation of stepper motors. Firstly, high temperatures can cause the temperature of the coils inside the motor to rise, thereby increasing resistance and affecting motor performance. Secondly, the aerodynamic performance in high-temperature environments is poor, which can reduce the cooling efficiency of the motor. Finally, high temperature may also cause expansion and deformation of motor materials, intensify friction, and affect the accuracy and efficiency of the motor. 3、 Step loss problem of stepper motor in high temperature environment In high temperature environments, the problem of step loss in stepper motors is quite serious. When the temperature of the motor increases, the resistance of the coil will increase, which will cause a decrease in current and affect the rotation of the motor. In addition, high temperature environments can weaken the cooling efficiency of the motor, further exacerbating the problem of step loss. Therefore, to ensure the stability and accuracy of the stepper motor, special protection and control are required in high-temperature environments. 4、 How to solve the problem of step loss in stepper motors under high temperature environment To solve the problem of step loss of stepper motors in high temperature environments, we can start from the following aspects: 1. Use high temperature resistant materials: Choosing high temperature resistant materials can reduce the high temperature impact on the motor. 2. Regular motor inspection: Regularly check the temperature and condition of the motor to promptly identify and solve problems. 3. Strengthen cooling measures: Increase cooling measures for the motor, such as adding heat sinks, installing fans, and reducing motor workload. 4. Use temperature sensors: Install temperature sensors to monitor the motor temperature in a timely manner, and issue alarms and handle issues promptly when the temperature is too high. High temperature environment can have a certain degree of impact on the efficiency and accuracy of stepper motors, and even cause step loss problems. To ensure the stability and accuracy of the stepper motor, it is best to use high temperature resistant stepper motor Ctrl-Motor is the overseas business office established in Shenzhen by DDON （Chengdu, headquartered in Sichuan, China. The company has a team of nearly 100 senior engineers, specializing in the production of special motors ranging from deep low temperature of - 196°C to ultra - high temperature of +300°C and extreme environments.